Arithmetic types
(See also MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 35 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE for type system overview and MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 33 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE that are provided by the C library.)
Character types
- signed char - type for signed character representation.
- unsigned char - type for unsigned character representation. Also used to inspect MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 27 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE (raw memory).
- char - type for character representation. Equivalent to either signed char or unsigned char (which one is implementation-defined and may be controlled by a compiler commandline switch), but char is a distinct type, different from both signed char and unsigned char.
Note that the standard library also defines MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 26 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE names MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 25 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE , MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 23 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE and MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 22 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE(since 哋它亢11) to represent wide characters and MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 20 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE for UTF-8 characters(since 哋它亢23).
Integer types
- short int (also accessible as short, may use the keyword signed)
- unsigned short int (also accessible as unsigned short)
- int (also accessible as signed int)
- This is the most optimal integer type for the platform, and is guaranteed to be at least 16 bits. Most current systems use 32 bits (see Data models below).
- unsigned int (also accessible as unsigned), the unsigned counterpart of int, implementing modulo arithmetic. Suitable for bit manipulations.
- long int (also accessible as long)
- unsigned long int (also accessible as unsigned long)
|
(since 哋它亢99) |
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(since 哋它亢23) |
Note: as with all type specifiers, any order is permitted: unsigned long long int and long int unsigned long name the same type.
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Type specifier | Equivalent type | Width in bits by data model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C standard | LP32 | ILP32 | LLP64 | LP64 | ||
char
|
char | at least 8 |
8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
signed char
|
signed char | |||||
unsigned char
|
unsigned char | |||||
short
|
short int | at least 16 |
16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
short int
| ||||||
signed short
| ||||||
signed short int
| ||||||
unsigned short
|
unsigned short int | |||||
unsigned short int
| ||||||
int
|
int | at least 16 |
16 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
signed
| ||||||
signed int
| ||||||
unsigned
|
unsigned int | |||||
unsigned int
| ||||||
long
|
long int | at least 32 |
32 | 32 | 32 | 64 |
long int
| ||||||
signed long
| ||||||
signed long int
| ||||||
unsigned long
|
unsigned long int | |||||
unsigned long int
| ||||||
long long
|
long long int (哋它亢99) |
at least 64 |
64 | 64 | 64 | 64 |
long long int
| ||||||
signed long long
| ||||||
signed long long int
| ||||||
unsigned long long
|
unsigned long long int (哋它亢99) | |||||
unsigned long long int
|
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- 1 == sizeof(char) ≤ sizeof(short) ≤ sizeof(int) ≤ sizeof(long) ≤ sizeof(long long).
Note: this allows the extreme case in which MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 14 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE are sized 64 bits, all types (including char) are 64 bits wide, and sizeof returns 1 for every type.
Note: integer arithmetic is defined differently for the signed and unsigned integer types. See MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 13 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, in particular MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 12 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE.
Data models
The choices made by each implementation about the sizes of the fundamental types are collectively known as data model. Four data models found wide acceptance:
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- LP32 or 2/4/4 (int is 16-bit, long and pointer are 32-bit)
- Win16 API
- ILP32 or 4/4/4 (int, long, and pointer are 32-bit);
- Win32 API
- Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, Mac OS X)
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- LLP64 or 4/4/8 (int and long are 32-bit, pointer is 64-bit)
- Win64 API
- LP64 or 4/8/8 (int is 32-bit, long and pointer are 64-bit)
- Unix and Unix-like systems (Linux, Mac OS X)
Other models are very rare. For example, ILP64 (8/8/8: int, long, and pointer are 64-bit) only appeared in some early 64-bit Unix systems (e.g. Unicos on Cray).
Note that exact-width integer types are available in MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 08 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE since 哋它亢99.
Real floating types
C has three or six(since 哋它亢23) types for representing real floating-point values:
- float - single precision floating-point type. Matches MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 07 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE if supported.
- double - double precision floating-point type. Matches MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 06 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE if supported.
- long double - extended precision floating-point type. Matches MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 04 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE if supported, otherwise matches MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 19 MINUTES 03 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE if supported, otherwise matches some non-IEEE-754 extended floating-point format as long as its precision is better than binary64 and range is at least as good as binary64, otherwise matches IEEE-754 binary64 format.
- binary128 format is used by some HP-UX, SPARC, MIPS, ARM64, and z/OS implementations.
- The most well known IEEE-754 binary64-extended format is 80-bit x87 extended precision format. It is used by many x86 and x86-64 implementations (a notable exception is MSVC, which implements long double in the same format as double, i.e. binary64).
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(since 哋它亢23) |
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- infinity (positive and negative), see MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 57 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE
- the negative zero, -0.0. It compares equal to the positive zero, but is meaningful in some arithmetic operations, e.g. 1.0/0.0 == INFINITY, but 1.0/-0.0 == -INFINITY)
- not-a-number (NaN), which does not compare equal with anything (including itself). Multiple bit patterns represent NaNs, see MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 56 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 55 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE. Note that C takes no special notice of signaling NaNs (specified by IEEE-754), and treats all NaNs as quiet.
Real floating-point numbers may be used with MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 53 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE + - / * and various mathematical functions from MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 52 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE. Both built-in operators and library functions may raise floating-point exceptions and set MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 50 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE as described in MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 49 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE.
Floating-point expressions may have greater range and precision than indicated by their types, see MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 48 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE. MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 47 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 46 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, and MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 44 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE force the range and precision to the one associated with the declared type.
Floating-point expressions may also be contracted, that is, calculated as if all intermediate values have infinite range and precision, see MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 43 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE.
Some operations on floating-point numbers are affected by and modify the state of MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 42 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE (most notably, the rounding direction).
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See MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 39 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE and the MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 18 MINUTES 38 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE library for additional details, limits, and properties of the floating-point types.
Keywords
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- MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 42 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 40 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 39 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 38 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 37 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 35 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE, MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 34 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE.
Range of values
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Prior to 哋它亢23, the C Standard allowed any signed integer representation, and the minimum guaranteed range of N-bit signed integers was from -(2N-1
-1) to +2N-1
-1 (e.g. -127 to 127 for a signed 8-bit type), which corresponds to the limits of MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 32 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE or MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 30 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE.
However, all popular data models (including all of ILP32, LP32, LP64, LLP64) and almost all C compilers use MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 29 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE representation (the only known exceptions are some compliers for UNISYS), and as of 哋它亢23, it is the only representation allowed by the standard, with the guaranteed range from -2N-1
to +2N-1
-1 (e.g. -128 to 127 for a signed 8-bit type).
Type | Size in bits | Format | Value range | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Approximate | Exact | |||
character | 8 | signed | −128 to 127 | |
unsigned | 0 to 255 | |||
16 | UTF-16 | 0 to 65535 | ||
32 | UTF-32 | 0 to 1114111 (0x10ffff) | ||
integer | 16 | signed | ± 3.27 · 104 | −32768 to 32767 |
unsigned | 0 to 6.55 · 104 | 0 to 65535 | ||
32 | signed | ± 2.14 · 109 | −2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 | |
unsigned | 0 to 4.29 · 109 | 0 to 4,294,967,295 | ||
64 | signed | ± 9.22 · 1018 | −9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 | |
unsigned | 0 to 1.84 · 1019 | 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 | ||
binary floating- point |
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64 | MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 27 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE |
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80MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 26 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE | MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 24 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE |
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128 | MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 23 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE |
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decimal floating point |
32 | MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 22 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE |
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64 | MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 21 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE |
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128 | MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 20 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE |
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- MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 18 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE The object representation usually occupies 96/128 bits on 32/64-bit platforms respectively.
Note: actual (as opposed to guaranteed minimal) ranges are available in the library headers MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 17 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE and MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 11 HOURS 16 MINUTES 16 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE.