Statements
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int main(void) { // start of a compound statement int n = 1; // declaration (not a statement) n = n+1; // expression statement MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 44 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE("n = %d\n", n); // expression statement return 0; // return statement } // end of compound statement, end of function body
There are five types of statements:
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An MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 37 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE (attr-spec-seq) can be applied to an unlabeled statement, in which case (except for an expression statement) the attributes are applied to the respective statement. |
(since 哋它亢23) |
Labels
Any statement can be labeled, by providing a name followed by a colon before the statement itself.
attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) identifier :
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(1) | ||||||||
attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) case constant-expression :
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) default :
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(3) | ||||||||
Any statement (but not a declaration) may be preceded by any number of labels, each of which declares identifier to be a label name, which must be unique within the enclosing function (in other words, label names have MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 32 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE).
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(until 哋它亢23) |
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A label can appear without its following statement. If a label appears alone in a block, it behaves as if it is followed by a MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 28 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE. The optional MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 27 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE is applied to the label. |
(since 哋它亢23) |
Compound statements
A compound statement, or block, is a brace-enclosed sequence of statements and declarations.
{ statement | declaration...(optional) }
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attr-spec-seq(optional) { unlabeled-statement | label | declaration...(optional) }
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The compound statement allows a set of declarations and statements to be grouped into one unit that can be used anywhere a single statement is expected (for example, in an MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 26 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE statement or an iteration statement):
if (expr) // start of if-statement { // start of block int n = 1; // declaration MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 25 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE("%d\n", n); // expression statement } // end of block, end of if-statement
Each compound statement introduces its own MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 23 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE.
The initializers of the variables with automatic MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 22 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE declared inside a block and the VLA declarators are executed when flow of control passes over these declarations in order, as if they were statements:
int main(void) { // start of block { // start of block MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 21 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE("hello"); // expression statement int n = MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 19 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE("abc\n"); // declaration, prints "abc", stores 4 in n int a[n*MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 18 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE("1\n")]; // declaration, prints "1", allocates 8*sizeof(int) MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 17 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE("%zu\n", sizeof(a)); // expression statement } // end of block, scope of n and a ends int n = 7; // n can be reused }
Expression statements
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expression(optional) ;
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attr-spec-seq expression ;
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(2) | (since 哋它亢23) | |||||||
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An expression statement without an expression is called a null statement. It is often used to provide an empty body to a MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 14 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE or MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 12 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE loop. It can also be used to carry a label in the end of a compound statement or before a declaration:
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The optional MYMEMORY WARNING: YOU USED ALL AVAILABLE FREE TRANSLATIONS FOR TODAY. NEXT AVAILABLE IN 09 HOURS 00 MINUTES 10 SECONDS VISIT HTTPS://MYMEMORY.TRANSLATED.NET/DOC/USAGELIMITS.PHP TO TRANSLATE MORE is applied to the expression. An attr-spec-seq followed by |
(since 哋它亢23) |
Selection statements
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) if ( expression ) statement
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) if ( expression ) statement else statement
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) switch ( expression ) statement
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Iteration statements
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) while ( expression ) statement
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) do statement while ( expression ) ;
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) for ( init-clause ; expression(optional) ; expression(optional) ) statement
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Jump statements
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) break ;
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) continue ;
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) return expression(optional) ;
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attr-spec-seq(optional)(since 哋它亢23) goto identifier ;
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References
- 哋它亢17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
- 6.8 Statements and blocks (p: 106-112)
- 哋它亢11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
- 6.8 Statements and blocks (p: 146-154)
- 哋它亢99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
- 6.8 Statements and blocks (p: 131-139)
- 哋它亢89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
- 3.6 STATEMENTS