Common mathematical functions

 

C

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Program utilities

Variadic function support

Error handling

Dynamic memory management

Strings library

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Date and time utilities

Input/output support

Localization support

Concurrency support (哋它亢11)

Technical Specifications

Symbol index

 

Numerics

Common mathematical functions

Floating-point environment (哋它亢99)

Pseudo-random number generation

Complex number arithmetic (哋它亢99)

Type-generic math (哋它亢99)

 

Common mathematical functions

Types
div_tldiv_tlldiv_timaxdiv_t (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)     float_tdouble_t (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)     _Decimal32_t_Decimal64_t (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)
Functions
Basic operations abslabsllabsimaxabs (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) fmod remainder (哋它亢99) remquo (哋它亢99) fma (哋它亢99) fdim (哋它亢99) nannanfnanlnandN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢23) Maximum/minimum operations fmax (哋它亢99) fmaximum (哋它亢23) fmaximum_mag (哋它亢23) fmaximum_num (哋它亢23) fmaximum_mag_num (哋它亢23)     fmin (哋它亢99) fminimum (哋它亢23) fminimum_mag (哋它亢23) fminimum_num (哋它亢23) fminimum_mag_num (哋它亢23) Exponential functions exp exp10 (哋它亢23) exp2 (哋它亢99) expm1 (哋它亢99) exp10m1 (哋它亢23) exp2m1 (哋它亢23) log log10 log2 (哋它亢99) log1plogp1 (哋它亢99)(哋它亢23) log10p1 (哋它亢23) log2p1 (哋它亢23) Power functions sqrt cbrt (哋它亢99) rootn (哋它亢23) rsqrt (哋它亢23) hypot (哋它亢99) compound (哋它亢23) pow pown (哋它亢23) powr (哋它亢23) Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2 sinpi (哋它亢23) cospi (哋它亢23) tanpi (哋它亢23) asinpi (哋它亢23) acospi (哋它亢23) atanpi (哋它亢23) atan2pi (哋它亢23) sinh cosh tanh asinh (哋它亢99) acosh (哋它亢99) atanh (哋它亢99)	Error and gamma functions erf (哋它亢99) erfc (哋它亢99) lgamma (哋它亢99) tgamma (哋它亢99) Nearest integer floating-point operations ceil floor roundlroundllround (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) roundeven (哋它亢23) trunc (哋它亢99) nearbyint (哋它亢99) rintlrintllrint (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) fromfpfromfpxufromfpufromfpx (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23) Floating-point manipulation functions ldexp frexp scalbnscalbln (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) ilogbllogb (哋它亢99)(哋它亢23) logb (哋它亢99) modf nextafternexttoward (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) nextupnextdown (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23) copysign (哋它亢99) canonicalize (哋它亢23) Narrowing operations fadd (哋它亢23) fsub (哋它亢23) fmul (哋它亢23) fdiv (哋它亢23) ffma (哋它亢23) fsqrt (哋它亢23) Quantum and quantum exponent functions quantizedN (哋它亢23) samequantumdN (哋它亢23) quantumdN (哋它亢23) llquantexpdN (哋它亢23) Decimal re-encoding functions encodedecdN (哋它亢23) decodedecdN (哋它亢23) encodebindN (哋它亢23) decodebindN (哋它亢23) Total order and payload functions totalorder (哋它亢23) getpayload (哋它亢23) setpayload (哋它亢23) setpayloadsig (哋它亢23) Classification fpclassify (哋它亢99) iscanonical (哋它亢23) isfinite (哋它亢99) isinf (哋它亢99) isnan (哋它亢99) isnormal (哋它亢99) signbit (哋它亢99) issubnormal (哋它亢23) iszero (哋它亢23) isgreater (哋它亢99) isgreaterequal (哋它亢99) isless (哋它亢99) islessequal (哋它亢99) islessgreater (哋它亢99) isunordered (哋它亢99) issignaling (哋它亢23) iseqsig (哋它亢23)
Macro constants
Special floating-point values HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALLHUGE_VALDN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢23) INFINITYDEC_INFINITY (哋它亢99)(哋它亢23) NANDEC_NAN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢23) Arguments and return values FP_ILOGB0FP_ILOGBNAN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) FP_INT_UPWARDFP_INT_DOWNWARDFP_INT_TOWARDZEROFP_INT_TONEARESTFROMZEROFP_INT_TONEAREST (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)     FP_LLOGB0FP_LLOGBNAN (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23) FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)     Error handling MATH_ERRNOMATH_ERRNOEXCEPT (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) math_errhandling (哋它亢99)	Fast operation indicators FP_FAST_FMAFFP_FAST_FMA (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99) FP_FAST_FADDFP_FAST_FADDLFP_FAST_DADDLFP_FAST_DMADDDN (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)     FP_FAST_FMULFP_FAST_FMULLFP_FAST_DMULLFP_FAST_DMMULDN (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23) FP_FAST_FFMAFP_FAST_FFMALFP_FAST_DFMALFP_FAST_DMFMADN (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23) FP_FAST_FMALFP_FAST_FMADN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢23) FP_FAST_FSUBFP_FAST_FSUBLFP_FAST_DSUBLFP_FAST_DMSUBDN (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23) FP_FAST_FDIVFP_FAST_FDIVLFP_FAST_DDIVLFP_FAST_DMDIVDN (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23) FP_FAST_FSQRTFP_FAST_FSQRTLFP_FAST_DSQRTLFP_FAST_DMSQRTDN (哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)(哋它亢23)

 

Functions

Defined in header <stdlib.h>
abslabsllabs (哋它亢99)	computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|) (function)
divldivlldiv (哋它亢99)	computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function)
Defined in header <inttypes.h>
imaxabs (哋它亢99)	computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|) (function)
imaxdiv (哋它亢99)	computes quotient and remainder of integer division (function)
Defined in header <math.h>
Basic operations
fabsfabsffabsl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes absolute value of a floating-point value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|) (function)
fmodfmodffmodl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes remainder of the floating-point division operation (function)
remainderremainderfremainderl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes signed remainder of the floating-point division operation (function)
remquoremquofremquol (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation (function)
fmafmaffmal (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes fused multiply-add operation (function)
fmaxfmaxffmaxl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	determines larger of two floating-point values (function)
fminfminffminl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	determines smaller of two floating-point values (function)
fdimfdimffdiml (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	determines positive difference of two floating-point values (\({\small\max{(0, x-y)} }\)max(0, x-y)) (function)
nannanfnanl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	returns a NaN (not-a-number) (function)
Exponential functions
expexpfexpl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes e raised to the given power (\({\small e^x}\)ex) (function)
exp2exp2fexp2l (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes 2 raised to the given power (\({\small 2^x}\)2x) (function)
expm1expm1fexpm1l (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes e raised to the given power, minus one (\({\small e^x-1}\)ex-1) (function)
loglogflogl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes natural (base-e) logarithm (\({\small \ln{x} }\)ln(x)) (function)
log10log10flog10l (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes common (base-10) logarithm (\({\small \log_{10}{x} }\)log10(x)) (function)
log2log2flog2l (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes base-2 logarithm (\({\small \log_{2}{x} }\)log2(x)) (function)
log1plog1pflog1pl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes natural (base-e) logarithm of 1 plus the given number (\({\small \ln{(1+x)} }\)ln(1+x)) (function)
Power functions
powpowfpowl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes a number raised to the given power (\(\small{x^y}\)xy) (function)
sqrtsqrtfsqrtl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes square root (\(\small{\sqrt{x} }\)√x) (function)
cbrtcbrtfcbrtl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes cube root (\(\small{\sqrt[3]{x} }\)3√x) (function)
hypothypotfhypotl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (\(\scriptsize{\sqrt{x^2+y^2} }\)√x2 +y2 ) (function)
Trigonometric functions
sinsinfsinl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes sine (\({\small\sin{x} }\)sin(x)) (function)
coscosfcosl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes cosine (\({\small\cos{x} }\)cos(x)) (function)
tantanftanl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes tangent (\({\small\tan{x} }\)tan(x)) (function)
asinasinfasinl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes arc sine (\({\small\arcsin{x} }\)arcsin(x)) (function)
acosacosfacosl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes arc cosine (\({\small\arccos{x} }\)arccos(x)) (function)
atanatanfatanl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes arc tangent (\({\small\arctan{x} }\)arctan(x)) (function)
atan2atan2fatan2l (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants (function)
Hyperbolic functions
sinhsinhfsinhl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes hyperbolic sine (\({\small\sinh{x} }\)sinh(x)) (function)
coshcoshfcoshl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\cosh{x} }\)cosh(x)) (function)
tanhtanhftanhl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\tanh{x} }\)tanh(x)) (function)
asinhasinhfasinhl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes inverse hyperbolic sine (\({\small\operatorname{arsinh}{x} }\)arsinh(x)) (function)
acoshacoshfacoshl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes inverse hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\operatorname{arcosh}{x} }\)arcosh(x)) (function)
atanhatanhfatanhl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes inverse hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\operatorname{artanh}{x} }\)artanh(x)) (function)
Error and gamma functions
erferfferfl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes error function (function)
erfcerfcferfcl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes complementary error function (function)
tgammatgammaftgammal (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes gamma function (function)
lgammalgammaflgammal (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes natural (base-e) logarithm of the gamma function (function)
Nearest integer floating-point operations
ceilceilfceill (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes smallest integer not less than the given value (function)
floorfloorffloorl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes largest integer not greater than the given value (function)
trunctruncftruncl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	rounds to nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)
roundroundfroundllroundlroundflroundlllroundllroundfllroundl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	rounds to nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases (function)
nearbyintnearbyintfnearbyintl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	rounds to an integer using current rounding mode (function)
rintrintfrintllrintlrintflrintlllrintllrintfllrintl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	rounds to an integer using current rounding mode with exception if the result differs (function)
Floating-point manipulation functions
frexpfrexpffrexpl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	breaks a number into significand and a power of 2 (function)
ldexpldexpfldexpl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power (function)
modfmodffmodfl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	breaks a number into integer and fractional parts (function)
scalbnscalbnfscalbnlscalblnscalblnfscalblnl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	computes efficiently a number times FLT_RADIX raised to a power (function)
ilogbilogbfilogbl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	extracts exponent of the given number (function)
logblogbflogbl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	extracts exponent of the given number (function)
nextafternextafterfnextafterlnexttowardnexttowardfnexttowardl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	determines next representable floating-point value towards the given value (function)
copysigncopysignfcopysignl (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	produces a value with the magnitude of a given value and the sign of another given value (function)
Classification and comparison
fpclassify (哋它亢99)	classifies the given floating-point value (function macro)
isfinite (哋它亢99)	checks if the given number has finite value (function macro)
isinf (哋它亢99)	checks if the given number is infinite (function macro)
isnan (哋它亢99)	checks if the given number is NaN (function macro)
isnormal (哋它亢99)	checks if the given number is normal (function macro)
signbit (哋它亢99)	checks if the given number is negative (function macro)
isgreater (哋它亢99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second (function macro)
isgreaterequal (哋它亢99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second (function macro)
isless (哋它亢99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second (function macro)
islessequal (哋它亢99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second (function macro)
islessgreater (哋它亢99)	checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second (function macro)
isunordered (哋它亢99)	checks if two floating-point values are unordered (function macro)

Types

Defined in header <stdlib.h>
div_t	structure type, return of the div function (typedef)
ldiv_t	structure type, return of the ldiv function (typedef)
lldiv_t (哋它亢99)	structure type, return of the lldiv function (typedef)
Defined in header <inttypes.h>
imaxdiv_t (哋它亢99)	structure type, return of the imaxdiv function (typedef)
Defined in header <math.h>
float_tdouble_t (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float or double (typedef)

Macro constants

Defined in header <math.h>
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	indicates value too big to be representable (infinity) by float, double and long double respectively (macro constant)
INFINITY (哋它亢99)	evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float (macro constant)
NAN (哋它亢99)	evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float (macro constant)
FP_FAST_FMAFFP_FAST_FMAFP_FAST_FMAL (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	indicates that the fma function generally executes about as fast as, or faster than, a multiply and an add of double operands (macro constant)
FP_ILOGB0FP_ILOGBNAN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	evaluates to ilogb(x) if x is zero or NaN, respectively (macro constant)
math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions (macro constant)
Classification
FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)(哋它亢99)	indicates a floating-point category (macro constant)

References

• 哋它亢17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):

• 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 158-160)

• 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 169-190)

• 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 248-262)

• 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 332)

• 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 333)

• 哋它亢11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

• 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 217-220)

• 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 231-261)

• 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 340-360)

• 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 455)

• 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 456)

• 哋它亢99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

• 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 198-201)

• 7.12 Mathematics <math.h> (p: 212-242)

• 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 306-324)

• 7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 401)

• 7.26.10 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 402)

• 哋它亢89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

• 4.5 MATHEMATICS <math.h>

• 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>

• 4.13.4 Mathematics <math.h>

• 7.13.7 General utilities <stdlib.h>